Political Ideologies

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1. In the context of Nigerian political history, which of the following best describes the primary characteristic of communalism as a mode of production?

   1. A Collective ownership of land and resources for community welfare
   2. B Private ownership of the means of production and wage labour
   3. C A hierarchical relationship between lords and serfs based on land tenure
   4. D State ownership of all industries and centralised planning

2. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates feudalism from communalism in terms of social hierarchy and production?

   1. A Feudalism is based on free market competition, while communalism relies on state control.
   2. B Feudalism involves a rigid hierarchy of lords and serfs, whereas communalism emphasises collective production and shared benefits.
   3. C Communalism requires private property rights, while feudalism mandates communal land ownership.
   4. D Feudalism is a modern capitalist ideology, while communalism is a pre-industrial form of socialism.

3. A political analyst argues that the traditional Igbo ‘Igbo’ system of land tenure, where land is held in trust by the community for its members, is an example of which mode of production?

   1. A Feudalism
   2. B Capitalism
   3. C Socialism
   4. D Communalism

4. Which of the following best describes the primary mode of production in a capitalist economy?

   1. A State ownership of all land and industrial resources
   2. B Communal ownership of agricultural land and tools
   3. C Private ownership of the means of production and production for profit
   4. D Government control of all wages and prices

5. In the context of Nigerian economic history, the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in 1986 was largely driven by which ideological shift?

   1. A A return to strict socialist state control of industries
   2. B The adoption of a command economy model
   3. C A shift towards neoliberal capitalism and market liberalisation
   4. D The establishment of a theocratic economic system

6. Which of the following is a key distinction between capitalism and socialism regarding the distribution of wealth?

   1. A Capitalism mandates equal wages for all workers, while socialism allows wage differentials
   2. B Capitalism permits unequal distribution based on market forces, while socialism seeks equitable distribution via state intervention
   3. C Capitalism relies on communal land ownership, while socialism relies on private land ownership
   4. D Capitalism prohibits private enterprise, while socialism encourages it

8. Which of the following best distinguishes the mode of production under socialism from that under capitalism?

   1. A Collective or state ownership of the means of production
   2. B Complete absence of government intervention in the economy
   3. C Reliance solely on market forces to determine wages
   4. D Privatization of all public utilities and services

9. A political system where the state owns all means of production, abolishes private property, and aims for a classless society is best described as:

   1. A Communism
   2. B Liberalism
   3. C Social Democracy
   4. D Anarchism

10. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates the economic goals of socialism and communism?

    1. A Socialism advocates for total state control, while communism supports free-market capitalism
    2. B Socialism seeks to regulate the economy for equity, while communism seeks to abolish private property and the state entirely
    3. C Both ideologies support the complete privatization of all industries
    4. D Communism relies on individual profit maximization, while socialism does not

11. Which of the following features is most characteristic of the economic structure under a totalitarian regime?

    1. A Free market competition with minimal state intervention
    2. B State control over all means of production and distribution
    3. C Cooperative ownership by local communities
    4. D Private ownership with progressive taxation

12. How does the mode of production under Fascism differ from that of pure Nazism in terms of corporate structure?

    1. A Fascism emphasised corporatism with state mediation between capital and labour, while Nazism prioritised direct state command and racial hierarchy
    2. B Fascism advocated for pure free-market capitalism, while Nazism supported state socialism
    3. C Fascism relied on cooperative ownership, while Nazism encouraged private monopoly
    4. D Fascism had no economic structure, while Nazism implemented a planned economy

13. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates the economic ideology of Nazism from that of Communism?

    1. A Nazism advocated for a classless society, while Communism supported private enterprise
    2. B Nazism preserved private property under state control, while Communism seeks to abolish private property for collective ownership
    3. C Nazism promoted internationalism, while Communism was strictly nationalist
    4. D Nazism relied on free-market competition, while Communism used state planning

15. Which of the following best describes the primary economic mechanism associated with classical liberalism in the context of production?

    1. A Market forces of supply and demand
    2. B Central planning by the state
    3. C Collective ownership of all resources
    4. D State distribution of goods based on need

16. A Nigerian economist argues that the government should own and manage the oil sector to ensure national development, while a colleague argues that private companies should be free to explore and sell oil with minimal regulation. The colleague’s view is most consistent with which political ideology?

    1. A Socialism
    2. B Communism
    3. C Liberalism
    4. D Fascism

17. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates the mode of production advocated by liberalism from that advocated by socialism?

    1. A Liberalism favours state ownership, while socialism favours private ownership
    2. B Liberalism favours private ownership, while socialism favours social or state ownership
    3. C Both ideologies advocate for identical modes of production
    4. D Liberalism rejects all forms of ownership, while socialism mandates private ownership

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