Kinetic Theory of Matter and Gas Laws

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1. Which of the following observations best explains the phenomenon of Brownian movement in a liquid?

   1. A The orderly vibration of molecules in a fixed lattice structure
   2. B The random collision of fast-moving liquid molecules with suspended particles
   3. C The bulk flow of liquid due to temperature differences
   4. D The stationary nature of molecules in a liquid state

2. A sample of gas occupies a volume of 250 cm3 at a temperature of 300 K. If the pressure remains constant, what volume will the gas occupy when the temperature is increased to 600 K?

   1. A 500 cm3
   2. B 125 cm3
   3. C 750 cm3
   4. D 1000 cm3

3. Real gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour at high pressures and low temperatures primarily because:

   1. A The molecules are in a state of complete rest
   2. B The molecules undergo elastic collisions with no energy loss
   3. C The volume of the molecules is significant and intermolecular forces of attraction are present
   4. D The temperature is too high for the molecules to move

4. A sample of nitrogen gas occupies a volume of 250 cm3 at a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 273 K. If the pressure is increased to 2.0 atm while the temperature remains constant, what is the new volume of the gas?

   1. A 125 cm3
   2. B 500 cm3
   3. C 250 cm3
   4. D 62.5 cm3

5. A student mixes 20 cm3 of hydrogen gas with 10 cm3 of oxygen gas in a eudiometer tube and ignites the mixture. Assuming complete reaction and that the gases are at the same temperature and pressure, what volume of gas remains unreacted?

   1. A 10 cm3 of hydrogen
   2. B 10 cm3 of oxygen
   3. C 20 cm3 of water vapour
   4. D 0 cm3

6. Which of the following best describes the molecular motion of particles in a solid state at room temperature?

   1. A Random translational motion
   2. B Free rotation and translation
   3. C Vibration about fixed positions
   4. D Sliding past one another

8. A sample of oxygen gas (O2) occupies a volume of 11.2 dm3 at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). Given that the molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 dm3/mol, how many molecules of oxygen are present in the sample? (Avogadro’s constant = 6.0 x 10^23 mol^-1)

   1. A 6.0 x 10^23
   2. B 1.5 x 10^23
   3. C 12.0 x 10^23
   4. D 3.0 x 10^23

9. Which of the following factors is the primary reason why real gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour at high pressures?

   1. A Increase in the temperature of the gas
   2. B Significant intermolecular forces and finite particle volume
   3. C Decrease in the number of moles of gas
   4. D Constant kinetic energy of the particles

10. Which of the following conditions causes real gases to deviate most significantly from ideal gas behaviour?

    1. A Low pressure and high temperature
    2. B High pressure and high temperature
    3. C Low pressure and low temperature
    4. D High pressure and low temperature

11. A student calculates the molar mass of an unknown gas using the ideal gas equation PV = nRT. The gas has a mass of 4.4 g, occupies a volume of 2.24 dm3 at 273 K and 1.0 atm. Using R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1, what is the molar mass of the gas? (Note: 1 dm3 = 1 L)

    1. A 22 g/mol
    2. B 88 g/mol
    3. C 4.4 g/mol
    4. D 44 g/mol

12. A gas has a vapour density of 16. What is its relative molecular mass? (Relative atomic mass: H = 1)

    1. A 16
    2. B 32
    3. C 8
    4. D 64

13. A sample of gas occupies 2.0 dm3 at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 300 K. If the pressure is increased to 200 kPa while the temperature remains constant, what is the new volume of the gas?

    1. A 4.0 dm3
    2. B 1.0 dm3
    3. C 0.5 dm3
    4. D 2.0 dm3

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