Adaptations of Organisms

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1. A student observes a fish in a Nigerian river where the dorsal side is dark brown and the ventral side is white. Which term best describes this specific type of adaptive colouration?

   1. A Warning colouration
   2. B Countershading
   3. C Mimicry
   4. D Cryptic colouration

2. The bright orange and black bands on the abdomen of a honey bee serve a specific defensive function. What is the primary biological purpose of this colour pattern?

   1. A To attract mates during the breeding season
   2. B To warn predators that the insect is dangerous or unpalatable
   3. C To camouflage the insect against the flower petals
   4. D To regulate the body temperature of the bee

3. In a social insect colony, the workers are sterile females that perform tasks such as foraging and nursing, while the queen is the sole reproductive female. How does this division of labour represent an adaptation to the environment?

   1. A It allows the workers to reproduce independently of the queen
   2. B It reduces the need for the colony to build a nest
   3. C It enables the queen to forage for food while the workers rest
   4. D It increases the efficiency of the colony by specialising individuals for specific tasks

4. In a colony of honeybees, the queen bee is the only female that lays eggs. Which of the following best describes the primary behavioural adaptation that distinguishes the queen from the worker bees?

   1. A She is the only insect capable of flight
   2. B She has a larger stinger than the workers
   3. C She is the only caste that feeds on nectar
   4. D She is the sole reproductive female in the colony

5. A termite colony consists of workers, soldiers, and reproductives. The soldiers have enlarged heads and powerful mandibles. What is the primary adaptive function of these structures?

   1. A Defence of the colony against predators
   2. B Efficient digestion of wood
   3. C Construction of the nest structure
   4. D Regulation of internal humidity

6. During the hot dry season in Northern Nigeria, some reptiles enter a state of dormancy to conserve water and energy. What is this behavioural adaptation called?

   1. A Aestivation
   2. B Hibernation
   3. C Migration
   4. D Torpor

8. Which of the following structural adaptations is primarily associated with the conservation of water in desert-dwelling reptiles?

   1. A Large surface area of the lungs for gas exchange
   2. B Impermeable skin and concentrated urine production
   3. C Long, slender limbs for rapid running
   4. D Broad, flat feet for walking on sand

9. In a colony of honeybees, the queen bee is distinguished from workers and drones by her specific role and physical structure. Which of the following best describes the primary structural adaptation of the queen bee?

   1. A Fully developed ovaries and a spermatheca for egg-laying
   2. B Barbed stinger for defence against predators
   3. C Wax glands for building the hive
   4. D Pollen baskets on the hind legs for foraging

10. A student observed a bird with a long, slender, and slightly curved beak feeding on nectar from deep within flowers. Which ecological niche does this structural adaptation suggest the bird occupies?

    1. A Seed cracker
    2. B Carnivore
    3. C Nectar feeder
    4. D Fish catcher

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